适应症
适用于不需要电击或起搏器治疗的轻度或短暂性心脏传导阻滞发作。用于严重发作的心脏传导阻滞和亚当斯-斯托克斯发作（除非由室性心动过速或颤动引起）。用于心脏骤停，直到电击或起搏器治疗，是首选的治疗方法。用于麻醉期间发生的支气管痉挛。作为液体和电解质替代疗法以及使用其他药物和程序治疗低血容量性和脓毒性休克的辅助手段，低心输出量（灌注不足）状态、充血性心力衰竭和心源性休克。

用法用量
以最低推荐剂量开始盐酸异丙肾上腺素注射，必要时逐渐增加给药速率，同时仔细监测患者。通常的给药途径是静脉输注或静脉推注。在可怕的紧急情况下，药物可以通过心内注射给药。如果时间不是最重要的，首选肌肉注射或皮下注射的初始治疗。

不良反应
据报道，在少数患者中，可能患有房室结及其分支的器质性疾病，盐酸异丙肾上腺素注射液可在正常窦性心律或短暂性心脏传导阻滞期间诱发 Adams-Stokes 癫痫发作。心动过速，心悸，心绞痛，亚当斯 - 斯托克斯发作，肺水肿，高血压，低血压，室性心律失常，快速性心律失常。

Isoproterenol hydrochloride injection should generally be started at the lowest recommended dose. This may be gradually increased if necessary while carefully monitoring the patient. Doses sufficient to increase the heart rate to more than 130 beats per minute may increase the likelihood of inducing ventricular arrhythmias. Such increases in heart rate will also tend to increase cardiac work and oxygen requirements which may adversely affect the failing heart or the heart with a significant degree of arteriosclerosis. Adequate filling of the intravascular compartment by suitable volume expanders is of primary importance in most cases of shock and should precede the administration of vasoactive drugs. In patients with normal cardiac function, determination of central venous pressure is a reliable guide during volume replacement. If evidence of hypoperfusion persists after adequate volume replacement, isoproterenol hydrochloride injection may be given. In addition to the routine monitoring of systemic blood pressure, heart rate, urine flow, and the electrocardiograph, monitor the response to therapy by frequent determination of the central venous pressure and blood gases. Closely observe patients in shock during isoproterenol hydrochloride injection administration. If the heart rate exceeds 110 beats per minute, it may be advisable to decrease the infusion rate or temporarily discontinue the infusion. Determinations of cardiac output and circulation time may also be helpful. Take appropriate measures to ensure adequate ventilation. Pay attention to acid-base balance and to the correction of electrolyte disturbances. soproterenol hydrochloride injection and epinephrine should not be administered simultaneously because both drugs are direct cardiac stimulants, and their combined effects may induce serious arrhythmias. The drugs may, however, be administered alternately provided a proper interval has elapsed between doses. Avoid isoproterenol hydrochloride injection when potent inhalational anesthetics such as halothane are employed because of potential to sensitize the myocardium to effects of sympathomimetic amines. Clinical studies of isoproterenol hydrochloride injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects in clinical circumstances. There are, however, some data that suggest that elderly healthy or hypertensive patients are less responsive to beta-adrenergic stimulation than are younger subjects. In general, dose selection for elderly patients should usually start at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function and of concomitant diseases or other drug therapy.