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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201261822452129.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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 部分中文FIORINAL处方资料（仅供参考）

Fiorinal: 复合止痛药, 包含阿司匹林,布他比妥(butalbital),咖啡因(caffeine)

阿司匹林
阿司匹林（英语：Aspirin），或作阿司匹灵、阿司匹林、阿士匹灵，化学学名乙酰水杨酸，醋柳酸等。由德国化学家霍夫曼（de:Felix Hoffmann）在20世纪初正式推出。阿司匹林治疗范围极广，包括感冒、发热、头痛、牙痛、关节痛、风湿痛等，还能预防手术后血栓形成、心肌梗塞和中风，故俗称它为“万灵药”。

阿司匹林一般用于解热镇痛的剂量较少，不会引起不良反应，但长期大量用药则较易出现副作用，而大部分止痛药均有阿司匹林。较常见的有恶心、呕吐、上腹部不适或疼痛，较少或很少见的有胃肠道出血或诱发溃疡、支气管痉挛过敏反应、皮肤过敏及肝、肾损害。

历史
在中国古代，当时的人会咀嚼柳树皮，有退烧和止痛的功效。19世纪，欧洲科学家发现柳树皮的药效成分为水杨酸，并成功提炼出来，其后1898年德国化学家霍夫曼成功将水杨酸合成为乙酰水杨酸，并于1900年在德国拜尔药厂开始生产，商品名称是阿司匹林。1918年，德国于一战战败，拜尔被迫放弃其商标与专利，间接使阿司匹林在世界各地普及使用。

用途
阿司匹林也与其它药物一起用来于治疗一些适应疾病。虽然它存在一些副作用，但是依然被广泛使用，是因为医师们熟悉这种药在大多数家庭都有预备。下列的一些疾病可用阿斯匹林缓解：
发烧
疼痛（尤其是类风湿关节炎、类骨质骨瘤、慢性疼痛）
偏头痛
急性风湿（可选药物）
（现在已不多用于痛症治疗）
川崎病（随IVIG使用）
心包炎
此外如用低药量约每日75-300mg可用作预防心肌梗塞（Myocardial infarction）防心脏病发。
癌症
每天服用低剂量（75至300毫克）阿斯匹林能在三年内减少癌症发病率四分之一，并且在五年之内把癌症引起的死亡率降低15%。

禁忌
对阿司匹林、布洛芬（ibuprofen）、拿百疼（naproxen）等药物过敏者。
对G6PD缺乏患者(蚕豆症)使用阿司匹林可导致溶血。
有肾病、胃溃疡、糖尿病、痛风症等的患者，必须请示医生。
如阿司匹林和酒精同服增加胃出血危险。
儿童和青少年，不宜使用阿斯匹林治疗伤风感冒：因为这与雷尔氏综合症（Reye's syndrome）有关。
具有抗凝血作用，血友病病人或其它出血倾向者不宜服用。
孕妇
一些人建议，有甲状腺机能亢进病人应避免阿司匹林，因为它提高T4水平。

常见副作用
胃痛不适并伴有小量出血的患者：应饭后服用阿司匹林；如出血而无验出 可引致贫血。
患严重肠胃痛患者，必须停服阿司匹灵。
中枢神经系统受损：头晕、头痛、视力听力下降（药量越高越多中央神经系统毛病出现）。
出汗
长期服用高药量阿司匹灵：几乎无可挽回的肝损害。
可引致致命的雷尔氏综合症（死亡率30%）。
如和其他止痛药同用 长期服用阿司匹灵可引至慢性肾炎，以至慢性肾衰竭。
皮肤问题，面肿口肿舌肿喉肿（angioedema），及 呼吸困难也有，但较少。
会抑制血小板的凝聚作用，且大量使用时（例如用于风湿症的情况时）则更会延长凝血酶原时间，且后者的药量同时也可引起柳酸盐中毒症（salicylism），包括耳鸣、头晕、意识混乱急头痛等症状的发生。

过量
服用过量可以致命药剂过量的可能的后果包括：
耳鸣
肚痛
血钾降低
低血糖症
发热状态
换气过度
节律失调
低血压症
幻觉
肾衰竭
混乱
中风
昏迷
死亡
药剂过量可以是急性或慢性：一次性过量或长期服用引起。急性过量成亡率是2%。慢性过量成亡率是25%。通常死因是神经性肺水肿。2000年美国有52宗死亡案涉及阿司匹林。

阿司匹林的征候如发烧、换气过度以及大脑症候等病况也常被误诊为感染症、于是医生便常会再度给予阿司匹林，因此，便会更加延误此症被及时诊断与对病人施行急救的机会了。

Fiorinal
Generic Name: aspirin/butalbital/caffeine (AS pir in/byoo TAL bi tall/CAF een)
Brand Names: Fiorinal, Fiormor, Fiortal, Fortabs, Laniroif

What is Fiorinal?
Aspirin is a pain reliever, as well as an anti-inflammatory and a fever reducer.

Butalbital is in a class of drugs called barbiturates that slow down your central nervous system (brain and nerve impulses) and cause relaxation.

Caffeine is believed to constrict dilated blood vessels (veins and arteries) that may contribute to tension headaches.

Fiorinal is used to relieve complex tension headaches, although precisely how it works is unknown.

Fiorinal may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Fiorinal?
Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Butalbital may cause drowsiness or dizziness. If you experience drowsiness or dizziness, avoid these activities. Avoid alcohol. Alcohol taken during therapy with Fiorinal can increase the risk of stomach bleeding and can increase drowsiness and dizziness.

Never take more Fiorinal than is prescribed for you. If your pain is not being adequately treated, talk to your doctor.

Avoid other over-the-counter and prescription products that contain aspirin. Too much aspirin could be dangerous. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking any over-the-counter preparations.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Fiorinal?
Do not take Fiorinal without first talking to your doctor if you drink more than three alcoholic beverages per day, if you have a stomach ulcer, if you have a bleeding or platelet disorder, or if you have recently had surgery.

Before taking Fiorinal, tell your doctor if you have
•kidney disease;
•liver disease;
•porphyria;
•asthma or another respiratory disease;
•fluid retention;
•congestive heart disease or another type of heart disease; or
•high blood pressure.

You may not be able to take Fiorinal, or you may require a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

This drug combination is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether Fiorinal will harm an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. Fiorinal passes into breast milk and may harm a nursing infant. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. If you are older than 60 years of age, you may be more likely to experience side effects from Fiorinal. Use extra caution. Do not use Fiorinal to treat a child or teenager who has a fever, flu symptoms, or chicken pox without first talking to a doctor. In children younger than 20 years of age, aspirin may increase the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but often fatal condition.

How should I take Fiorinal?
Take Fiorinal exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass of water. Take Fiorinal with food or milk if it upsets your stomach.
Never take more of this medication than is prescribed for you. Too much Fiorinal could be very harmful. Never take more than six tablets or capsules per day.

Do not share Fiorinal with anyone else.

Do not take this drug if it begins to smell strongly of vinegar. This smell means that the aspirin in it is beginning to break down.

Store Fiorinal at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Do not take a double dose of this medication. Wait the prescribed amount of time before taking your next dose.

What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of an Fiorinal overdose include slow breathing, seizures, dizziness, weakness, loss of consciousness, coma, confusion, tiredness, cold and clammy skin, fast heartbeat, small pupils, nausea, vomiting, ringing in your ears, and sweating.

What should I avoid while taking Fiorinal?
Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Butalbital may cause drowsiness or dizziness. If you experience drowsiness or dizziness, avoid these activities. Avoid alcohol. Alcohol taken during therapy with Fiorinal can increase the risk of stomach bleeding and can increase drowsiness and dizziness.

Fiorinal side effects
If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Fiorinal and seek emergency medical attention:
•an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives);
•slow, weak breathing;
•severe weakness or dizziness; or
•black, bloody, or tarry stools or blood in your urine or vomit.

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Fiorinal and talk to your doctor if you experience
•dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, or decreased appetite;
•dizziness, tiredness, or lightheadedness; or
•ringing in your ears.

Butalbital may be habit forming.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Fiorinal?
Do not take Fiorinal if you have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), or tranylcypromine (Parnate) in the last 14 days. Dangerous sedation could result.

Fiorinal may increase the effects of other drugs that cause drowsiness, including antidepressants, alcohol, antihistamines, sedatives (used to treat insomnia), pain relievers, anxiety medicines, and muscle relaxants. Tell your doctor about all medicines that you are taking, and do not take any medicine unless your doctor approves.

Dangerous side effects may occur if aspirin is taken with any of the following medicines:
•oral anticoagulants such as warfarin (Coumadin);
•probenecid (Benemid) or sulfinpyrazone (Anturane);
•nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, others), ketoprofen (Orudis, Orudis KT, Oruvail), and naproxen (Naprosyn, Anaprox, Aleve);
•other salicylates (forms of aspirin) such as choline salicylate and magnesium salicylate;
•steroids such as prednisone (Deltasone), prednisolone (Prelone, Pediapred, others), methylprednisolone (Medrol, others), dexamethasone (Decadron), and others; or
•insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs such as glipizide (Glucotrol) and glyburide (Micronase, Diabeta, Glynase).

Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are taking any of the medications listed above.

Many other medicines contain aspirin, especially over-the-counter pain, fever, cold, and allergy medications. Too much aspirin can be very dangerous.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with Fiorinal. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201261822452129.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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