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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201111717473726.PDF,201111717473040.PDF）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文双氯西林处方资料（仅供参考）

双氯西林(双氯青霉素) Dicloxacillin
分类名称
一级分类：抗生素 二级分类：青霉素类

药品英文名
Dicloxacillin
 
药品别名
双氯青霉素、双氯苯甲异、双氯苯唑青霉素、Diclocil、Veracillin
 
药物剂型
1.注射剂(粉)：0.5g；2.胶囊：0.25g，0.5g。
 
药理作用
为窄谱半合成青霉素，其抗菌作用与苯唑西林相似。
 
药动学
双氯西林对胃酸稳定，约口服剂量的50%从胃肠道吸收，空腹口服500mg后1h，游离药物Cmax为0.5μg/ml。食物可以减少其吸收，口服本品应在饭前1h或饭后2h。蛋白结合率为95%～97%。与其他青霉素类相似，该药主要分布于细胞外液。双氯西林主要以肾小球分泌的形式快速排泄，给药量的约60%以原形从尿中排出，约10%被代谢。肾功能正常者的消除相半衰期为30～42min。无尿患者的消除半衰期不会显著增加，因而不必调整用药剂量。
 
适应证
主要用于治疗金黄色葡萄球菌所致的败血症、肺炎、急性化脓性脑膜炎(脑膜炎)等。
 
禁忌证
对本品和青霉有过敏史者禁用。
 
注意事项
1.使用前需进行青霉素皮肤过敏试验。
2.肾功能不全者剂量可适量减少，大剂量静脉滴注不宜使用。
3.本品宜在餐前1h或餐后2h服用，以保证充分的吸收和达到最高血浆浓度。
4.肝功能不全者慎用。
 
不良反应
常见食欲缺乏、腹泻、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、过敏性皮疹、药物热、哮喘，偶见粒细胞缺乏、胆汁淤积性黄疸症、过敏性休克、AST或ALT升高、中性粒细胞减少和二重感染。
 
用法用量
口服给药：成人和体重大于40kg的儿童，每天1～2g，每6小时1次，每天的最大剂量为4g(中轻度上呼吸道感染或局部皮肤及软组织感染，每6小时1次)；体重小于40kg的儿童，每天12.5～25mg/kg，每6小时1次。
 
药物相应作用
丙磺舒阻滞本品的排泄，使作用时间维持较长。

专家点评
临床应用范围同氯唑西林。主要用于产酶的金黄色葡萄球菌所致的感染，有效率在80%以上。

Dicloxacillin
pronounced as(dye klox a sill' in)

Why is this medication prescribed?
Dicloxacillin is a penicillin-like antibiotic used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and bone, ear, skin, and urinary tract infections. Antibiotics will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.

This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

How should this medicine be used?
Dicloxacillin comes as a capsule and liquid to take by mouth. It is usually taken every 6 hours (four times a day). Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take dicloxacillin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Shake the liquid well before each use to mix the medication evenly.

The capsules should be swallowed whole and taken with a full glass of water.

Continue to take dicloxacillin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking dicloxacillin without talking to your doctor.

What special precautions should I follow?
Before taking dicloxacillin,
•tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to dicloxacillin, penicillin, or any other drugs.
•tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially other antibiotics, anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine such as naproxen (Anaprox) or ibuprofen (Motrin), atenolol (Tenormin), oral contraceptives, probenecid (Benemid), and vitamins.
•tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney or liver disease, allergies, asthma, blood disease, colitis, stomach problems, or hay fever.
•tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking dicloxacillin, call your doctor.
•if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking dicloxacillin.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Take dicloxacillin at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.

What should I do if I forget a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?
Dicloxacillin may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
•upset stomach
•diarrhea
•vomiting
•mild skin rash

If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
•severe skin rash
•itching
•hives
•difficulty breathing or swallowing
•wheezing
•vaginal infection

What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medicine in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store the capsules at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Keep liquid medicine in the refrigerator, closed tightly, and throw away any unused medication after 14 days. Do not freeze. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

In case of emergency/overdose
In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911.

What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your response to dicloxacillin.

If you are diabetic, use Clinistix or TesTape (not Clinitest) to test your urine for sugar while taking this drug.

Do not let anyone else take your medication. Your prescription is probably not refillable. If you still have symptoms of infection after you finish the dicloxacillin, call your doctor.

It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201111717473726.PDF,201111717473040.PDF）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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