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  药店国别: 英国药房
产地国家: 英国
所属类别: 泌尿生殖系统及泌乳药物->利尿及脱水药物
处方药:处方药
包装规格: (50/40)毫克/片 100片/盒
计价单位:
  点击放大  
生产厂家中文参考译名:
Orion Pharma
生产厂家英文名:
Orion Pharma
该药品相关信息网址1:
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100001107.html
该药品相关信息网址2:
http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/1403/SPC/Frusene+Tablets
原产地英文商品名:
FRUSENE (50/40)MG/TAB 100TABS/BOX
原产地英文药品名:
TRIAMTERENE/FUROSEMIDE
中文参考商品译名:
FRUSENE (50/40)毫克/片 100片/盒
中文参考药品译名:
氨苯蝶啶/呋喃苯胺酸
原产地国家批准上市年份:
0000/00/00
英文适应病症1:
Relieve fluid retention
英文适应病症2:
Diuretic
临床试验期:
完成
中文适应病症参考翻译1:
缓解体液潴留
中文适应病症参考翻译2:
利尿
药品信息:

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(201211219024832.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文氨苯蝶啶/呋喃苯胺酸处方资料(仅供参考)

氨苯蝶啶Triamterene
中文别名:
氨苯蝶啶、氨苯碟啶、氨苯喋啶、三氨碟呤、三氨蝶啶、三氨喋呤

英文别名:Diesse、Diucelpin、Dyrenium、Jatropur、Pterofen、Triamteril、Urocaudal、Urocaudol

药品类别:利尿药
 
药理药动
【药效学】
  本药直接抑制肾脏远端小管和集合管的Na+-K+交换,从而使Na+、cI-、水排泄增多,而K+排泄减少。
【药动学】
  口服后30~70%迅速吸收,血浆蛋白结合率为40~70%。单剂口服后2~4小时起作用, 达峰时间为6小时,作用持续时间7~9小时。半衰期为1.5~2小时, 无尿者每日给药1~2次时延长至10小时, 每日给药4次时延长至9~16小时(平均12.5小时)。吸收后大部分迅速由肝脏代谢, 经肾脏排泄, 少数经胆汁排泄。

适 应 症
    主要治疗水肿性疾病,包括充血性心力衰竭、肝硬化腹水、肾病综合征等,以及肾上腺糖皮质激素治疗过程中发生的水钠潴留,主要目的在于纠正上述情况时的继发性醛固酮分泌增多,并拮抗其他利尿药的排钾作用。也可用于治疗特发性水肿。

用法用量
  1.成人常用量口服。开始每日 25—100mg,分 2次服用,与其他利尿药合用时,剂量可减少。维持阶段可改为隔日疗法。最大剂量不超过每日 300mg。
2.小儿常用量口服。开始每日按体重 2—4mg/kg或按体表面积 120mg/平方米,分 2次服,每日或隔日疗法。以后酌情调整剂量。最大剂量不超过每日 6mg/kg或 300mg/平方米。
[制剂与规格]氨苯蝶啶片50mg
口服,每次50-100mg,一日3次,饭后服,隔日或连续应用,7日一疗程.

不良反应
(1)常见的主要是高钾血症。
(2)少见的有:
   ①胃肠道反应,如恶心、呕吐、胃痉挛和腹泻等;
   ②低钠血症;
   ③头晕、头痛;
   ④光敏感。
(3)罕见的有:
   ①过敏,如皮疹、呼吸困难;
   ②血液系统损害,如粒细胞减少症甚至粒细胞缺乏症、血小板减少性紫癜、巨红细胞性贫血(干扰叶酸代谢);
   ③肾结石,有报道长期服用本药者肾结石的发生率为 1/1500。其机理可能是由于本药及其代谢产物在尿中浓度过饱和,析出结晶并与蛋白基质结合,从而形成肾结石。
   血钾升高,少数病人可出现肾结石.可引起胃肠道反应:恶心,呕吐,食欲不振,腹胀,腹泻.巨细胞性贫血,嗜睡,口干,皮疹.多数出现淡兰色荧光尿。
  服用本品高血钾的发生率约为5%。其他较轻微的不良反应为恶心、呕吐、腹泻和皮疹,有时还出现药物性发热。本品可阻断二氢叶酸降解酶,有可能造成叶酸缺乏,并伴有巨红细胞性贫血和各类血细胞数减少。和其他的利尿药一样。
  氨苯蝶啶也能引起实质性肾炎和其他的肾疾患,尤其是和吲哚美辛(或其他PG合成抑制剂)同时给药可能导致可逆性的少尿性肾衰竭。
  有报告提出本品可引起输尿管结石,Guevara A等报告用计算机控制的X-断层照相技术对结石进行了分析,结果表明,结石中心为100%的氨苯蝶啶,外层为90%的依他酸钙和10%的磷酸钙。因此,对长期使用本品的患者,应注意尿道结石的形成。

禁忌症
  (1)动物实验显示本药能透过胎盘,但在人类的情况尚不清楚。
 (2)在母牛的实验显示本药可由乳汁分泌,在人类的情况不清楚。
 (3)老年人应用本药较易发生高钾血症和肾损害。
 (4)高钾血症时禁用。
 (5)下列情况慎用:
   ①无尿;
   ②肾功能不全;
   ③糖尿病;
   ④肝功能不全;
   ⑤低钠血症;
   ⑥酸中毒;
   ⑦高尿酸血症或有痛风病史者;
   ⑧肾结石或有此病史者。
 孕妇及已婚育龄妇女慎用.严重肝肾功能不全,有高血钾倾向者忌用。
 本品可阻断二氢叶酸降解酶,有可能造成叶酸缺乏,并伴有巨红细胞性贫血和各类血细胞数减少,尤其是对肝硬化、药物清除率下降的病人,这种不良反应更为严重。因此肝硬化病人最好选用螺内酯。叶酸缺乏对妊娠有更大的危险性,应避免使用

药物相互作用
基本同螺内酯并增加下列 2项。
(1)因可使血尿酸升高,与噻嗪类和袢利尿剂合用时可使血尿酸进一步升高,故应与治疗痛风的药物合用。
(2)可使血糖升高,与降糖药合用时,后者剂量应适当加大。
和吲哚美辛(或其他PG合成抑制剂)同时给药可能导致可逆性的少尿性肾衰竭。

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呋喃苯胺酸 Furosemide
【分类】
高效利尿药

【别名】呋喃苯胺酸,呋塞米;腹安酸;利尿磺胺;利尿灵;速尿;速尿灵

【外文名】Furosemide,Frusemide,LASIX,Diural,Furanlral,Seguril,Urex

【药理作用及用途】为强有力的利尿剂,作用于亨氏袢升支。

【适应症】临床上用于治疗心脏性水肿、肾性水肿、肝硬变腹水、功能障碍或血管障碍所引起的周围性水肿,并可促使上部尿道结石的排出。其利尿作用迅速、强大,多用于其他利尿药无效的严重病人。由于水、电解质丢失明显等原因,故不宜常规使用。静脉给药(20~80mg)可治疗肺水肿和脑水肿。药物中毒时可用以加速毒物的排泄。

【用量用法】
1.肌注或静注:每次20mg,隔日1次,必要时亦可1日1~2次。1日量视需要可增至120mg。静注必须缓慢,不宜与其他药物混合注射。儿童用量酌减。
2.口服:开始时每日40mg,以后根据需要可增至每日80~120mg。当每日剂量超过40mg时,可以每4小时1次分服。儿童口服量开始按每千克体重1~2mg,再视情况酌增。长期(7~10日)用药后利尿作用消失,故需长期应用者,宜采取间竭疗法:给药1~3日,停药2~4日。

【注意事项】
1.可能出现轻微恶心、腹泻、药疹、瘙痒、视力模糊等不良反应,有时可发生起立性眩晕、乏力、疲倦、肌肉痉挛、口渴,少数病人有白细胞减少,个别病人出现血小板减少,多形性红斑、直立性低血压。长期应用可致胃及十二指肠溃疡。
2.由于能减少尿酸排出,故多次应用后能产生尿酸过多症,个别病人长期应用可产生急性痛风。
3.糖尿病病人应用后可使血糖增高;尽管其升血糖远较噻嗪类利尿药弱,但与降血糖药合并应用时,仍有使血糖增高的可能。
4.由于利尿作用迅速、强大,因而要注意掌握开始剂量,防止过度利尿,引起脱水和电解质失衡。
5.肝炎病人服用后,因电解质(特别是钾离子)过度丢失,易产生肝昏迷。
6.长期大量用药时,应注意检查血中电解质浓度。顽固性水肿病人特别容易出现低钾症状,在同时使用洋地黄或排钾的甾体激素时,更应注意补充钾盐。
7.在脱水的同时,可出现可逆性血尿素氮水平升高。如果肌酐水平升高不显著和肾功能无损害时,可继续使用本品。
8.使用第1个月,要定期检查血清电解质、二氧化碳和血中尿素氮水平。与其他利尿药一样,当治疗进展中的肾脏疾患而有血清尿素氮值增加和少尿现象发生时,应立即停止用药。
9.能增强降压药的作用,故合并用药时,降压药的用量应适当减少。
10.因结构上本品是与氯噻嗪结构相似的一类磺胺型化合物,能降低动脉对升压胺(如去甲肾上腺素)的反应,并能增加筒箭毒碱的肌松驰及麻痹作用,故手术前1周应停用。
11.低钾血症、超量服用洋地黄、肝昏迷病人禁用。晚期肝硬变病人慎用。
12.大剂量静注过快时,可出现听力减退或暂时性耳聋。与氨基糖甙类抗生素配伍应用,更易引起听力减退。

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Frusene (triamterene, furosemide)
Main use:Relieve fluid retention
Active ingredient:Triamterene, furosemide
Manufacturer:Orion Pharma (UK) Limited

How does it work?
Frusene tablets contain two active ingredients, triamterene which is a type of medicine called a potassium-sparing diuretic and furosemide is a type of medicine called a loop diuretic.

Diuretics act in the kidneys. They work by causing the kidneys to increase the amount of salts, such as potassium and sodium, which are filtered out of the blood and into the urine. When these salts are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, they draw water alongside them. As diuretics increase the removal of salts from the blood, they also cause more water to be drawn out of the blood and into the urine.

Removing water from the blood decreases the volume of fluid circulating through the blood vessels. This subsequently decreases the pressure within the blood vessels. Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene can therefore be used to lower high blood pressure.

Loop diuretics like furosemide are strong diuretics that cause lots of potassium to be filtered out of the blood. This can sometimes cause the level of potassium in the blood to fall too low. A low blood potassium level is called hypokalaemia and can sometimes be dangerous, particularly for people with heart disease or liver disease.

Triamterene on the other hand, is a weaker diuretic that causes potassium to be retained in the body. It is used in combination with the furosemide in this medicine to prevent the amount of potassium in the blood from falling too low.

This medicine is used in heart failure, where the pumping mechanism of the heart is less effective. It is used to relieve the symptoms of heart failure, such as the shortness of breath seen with fluid on the lungs. It can also be used to remove excess fluid that can accumulate in the body in people with cirrhosis of the liver. This fluid may accumulate in the abdomen (ascites) or in the legs (oedema).

What is it used for?
Congestive heart failure.
Fluid retention (ascites and oedema) in liver cirrhosis.
Excess fluid retention due to kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome).
Excess fluid retention (oedema) due to corticosteroid treatment.

How do I take it?
Frusene tablets should be taken on an empty stomach or one hour before food.
Frusene tablets should be swallowed with a drink of water. The number of tablets to be taken daily will vary depending on your symptoms. The tablets are usual taken once daily, in the morning, but your doctor may advise you to take them in divided doses.
As diuretics cause your kidneys to produce more urine, you may find that if you take a dose too late in the day that you need to get up in the night to visit the toilet. For this reason, it is recommended that you take this medicine in the morning. Seek further advice from your doctor or pharmacist.

Warning!
This medicine may cause fatigue and dizziness. You should take care when performing potentially hazardous activities, such as driving or operating machinery, until you know how this medicine affects you and are sure you can perform such activities safely.
Alcohol may enhance the blood pressure lowering effect of this medicine, which may result in dizziness or fainting.
While taking this medicine you may need to have regular blood tests to monitor your kidney function and the levels of salts such as potassium and sodium in your blood.
If you experience any of the following symptoms while taking this medicine you should inform your doctor promptly, so that the amount of fluids and salts in your body can be checked: thirst, lethargy, confusion, weakness, drowsiness, muscle cramps, scanty production of urine, abnormal heart rhythm, seizures, nausea and vomiting.
This medicine can cause the amount of potassium in your bloodstream to increase. For this reason you should avoid consuming large amounts of foods that have a high potassium content, for example dried fruit, bananas, tomatoes and 'low sodium' salt, while you are taking the medicine. You should also avoid potassium supplements.
If you need a test to assess the functioning of your parathyroid gland your doctor may ask you to stop taking this medicine beforehand, as it may interfere with the test results.
This medicine can turn your urine a fluorescent blue colour, which is only noticeable in certain light. This is normal and nothing to worry about - it is due to the colour of the medicine.

Use with caution in
Elderly people.
Decreased liver function.
Decreased kidney function.
People with difficulty in passing urine (urinary retention).
Diabetes.
People with a history of sudden drops in blood sugar levels (hypoglycaemia).
People with high blood uric acid level (hyperuricaemia).
People at risk of developing an imbalance in the levels of electrolytes in their blood, eg due to severe diarrhoea or vomiting, or other medicines being taken.
An inflammatory disease of connective tissue (systemic lupus erythematosus).
High levels of fats (lipids) such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (hyperlipidaemia).

Not to be used in
Severe liver disease.
Kidney failure.
People whose kidneys are not producing urine.
People with cirrhosis of the liver who are in an unconscious state.
People with high levels of calcium in their blood.
People with high levels of potassium in their blood.
Diabetic acidosis.
Addison's disease.
Gout.
Breastfeeding.
Pregnancy.
Children or adolescents under 18 years of age.

This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.

If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
This medicine should be used with caution during pregnancy, and only if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than the possible risk to the foetus, particularly in the first trimester. Seek medical advice from your doctor.
This medicine should be used with caution by breastfeeding mothers, and only if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than any possible risk to the baby. Seek medical advice from your doctor.

Label warnings
Take this medication with or after food.
This medication may cause your urine to be coloured.

Side effects
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Just because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.

Common (affect between 1 in 10 and 1 in 100 people)
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Diarrhoea.
Increased thirst.
Low blood pressure.
Decreased level of sodium in the blood (hyponatraemia).
Increased level of potassium in the blood (hyperkalaemia).

Uncommon side effects (affect between 1 in 100 and 1 in 1000 people)
Dizziness.
Depression.
Headache.
Fatigue.
Muscle cramps.
Sensation of pins and needles.
Increased level of glucose in the blood (hyperglycaemia).
Rise in the levels of fats such as cholesterol in the blood.
Increased level of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricaemia) - this may cause kidney problems and gout.
Decreased level of magnesium in the blood (hypomagnesaemia).
Visual disturbances.
Abnormal heart beats (arrhythmias).
Kidney stones.

Very rare (affect less than 1 in 10000 people)
Increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight (photosensitivity).
Skin reactions such as rash, hive-like rash.
Kidney inflammation (interstitial nephritis).
Disturbance in the normal numbers of blood cells in the blood.

The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the medicine's manufacturer.

For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.

How can this medicine affect other medicines?
It is important to tell your doctor or pharmacist what medicines you are already taking, including those bought without a prescription and herbal medicines, before you start treatment with this medicine. Similarly, check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any new medicines while taking this one, to make sure that the combination is safe.

This medicine is likely to have an additive effect with other medicines that decrease blood pressure, particularly medicines that are used to treat high blood pressure (antihypertensives). This may cause dizziness, which can usually be relieved by lying down until the symptoms pass. If you feel dizzy while taking this medicine in combination with other medicines that can lower blood pressure you should let your doctor know, as your doses may need adjusting. Other medicines that decrease blood pressure include the following:
ACE inhibitors, eg enalapril
aldesleukin
alpha-blockers such as prazosin
alprostadil
angiotensin II receptor antagonists such as losartan
antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine
benzodiazepines, eg temazepam, diazepam
baclofen
other beta-blockers such as propranolol
calcium channel blockers such as verapamil, nifedipine
clonidine
diazoxide
diuretics, eg furosemide
dopamine agonists, eg bromocriptine, apomorphine
hydralazine
levodopa
MAOI antidepressants, eg phenelzine
methyldopa
minoxidil
moxonidine
moxisylyte
nicorandil
nitrates, eg glyceryl trinitrate
tizanidine.

Furosemide can decrease the amount of potassium in the blood. If it is used in combination with any of the following medicines, which can also lower potassium in the blood, the risk of a low blood potassium level (hypokalaemia) is increased:
acetazolamide
amphotericin
corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone and prednisolone
beta 2 agonists, eg salbutamol, terbutaline
other diuretics, eg bendroflumethiazide
theophylline.

If the level of potassium in your blood falls during treatment, this can increase the risk of side effects on the heart from various other medicines, including digoxin, certain antipsychotics and medicines for abnormal heart rhythms (anti-arrhythmics), eg amiodarone.

Furosemide reduces the ability of the body to remove the medicine lithium, which can cause the level of lithium in the blood to rise too high. If you are taking lithium your lithium level should be checked after you start and stop treatment with this medicine, as well as after any dose changes. Your lithium dose may need adjusting.

The following can reduce the absorption of this medicine from the gut. If you are using any of these whilst taking Frusene, you should not take them within four hours of taking Frusene:
Colestyramine
colestipol
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), eg indometacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen
probenecid
phenytoin
tobacco smoking.

Triamterene may increase the level of potassium in your blood. If this medicine is taken with other medicines that can increase blood potassium levels, this effect may be enhanced. Your doctor may want to monitor your blood potassium levels if you take any of these medicines in combination with Frusene tablets:
ACE inhibitors, eg enalapril
aliskiren
angiotensin II receptor antagonists, eg losartan
ciclosporin
drospirenone
heparin
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), eg indometacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen
potassium-containing salt substitutes such as Lo-Salt.
potassium salts, eg potassium citrate for cystitis
other potassium-sparing diuretics eg spironolactone (these should not usually be taken in combination with Frusene)
potassium supplements (these should not usually be taken in combination with Frusene)
tacrolimus.

Other medicines containing the same active ingredients
There are currently no other medicines available in the UK that contain both triamterene and furosemide as the active ingredients.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(201211219024832.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
---------------------------------------------------------------

更新日期: 2013-08-22
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