药品信息:
--------------------------------------------------------------- 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(2011122117433538.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准 --------------------------------------------------------------- 部分中文Truvada处方资料(仅供参考)
抗艾滋病药物Truvada Truvada,全世界最大的艾滋病药物生产商吉利德科学公司生产的一款常规药片,有助于防止同性恋或者双性恋男性感染HIV,研究显示,2004年开始作为抑制已经感染艾滋病患者病毒蔓延的药物,Truvada能够将HIV的风险降低44%。它的研发标志着人类终结艾滋病已经不再是梦想。分析人士指出,该种药片将为该公司年增收10亿美元。但这项研究引发的另外一个问题是,通过医疗体系Truvada每年约需要5000到7000美元,私人购买可能需要花费更多。这些钱已经超出某些人的承受能力。
全球最大抗艾滋病药物生产厂吉利德科学公司开发的一款常规药片Truvada有助于防止同性恋或者双性恋男性感染艾滋病毒。
《新英格兰医学杂志》报道,科研人员在实验中调查了来自秘鲁、厄瓜多尔、南非、巴西、泰国以及美国等国的2499名艾滋病毒检测呈阴性的男子。参加测试者需服用14个月抗艾滋病药物,并获得避孕套、性安全咨询服务、艾滋病和其他性病测试。
研究发现,Truvada能够将男性感染艾滋病的风险降低44%。经常服用Truvada药物的人,其新感染艾滋病毒的几率降低70%左右。与此同时,91% 的新感染者血液中没有这种药物成分。Truvada作为抑制已感染艾滋病患者病毒蔓延的药物已投入临床6年以上。
尽管医学界开展了长达数十年的努力,但目前仍未能开发出一种安全有效的艾滋病疫苗。因此,上述研究成果大大增加了人类降服和预防艾滋病的希望。另外,还有八项研究在评估这种药物的安全性和药效,以及它是否能让异性恋者和吸毒者有效预防艾滋病。
美国疾病控制和预防中心指出,在上述研究结果公布后,很多男性将立即要求得到Truvada来防止自己感染艾滋病。不过,避孕套现在仍是防止感染艾滋病的最有效方式,因为Truvada尚未被美国食品药品管理局批准成为预防艾滋病的药物。
美国总统奥巴马在一份声明中表示:“艾滋病预防研究领域取得的突破令我感到鼓舞,尽管还有许多工作要做,但这些研究标志着艾滋病预防新时代已经开始。”联合国艾滋病规划署首席科技官员盖特-汉金斯说,虽然测试结果比预期的要低,但仍非常令人鼓舞。
此外,这项研究引发的另外一个问题是,政府和保险公司是否愿意为公众“报销”购买这种药物的费用。通过医疗体系得到Truvada每年需5000到 7000美元,私人购买的费用更高达1.4万美元。这笔钱已经超出部分美国民众的承受能力。美国政府开始对此进行研究。
联合国在22日公布的报告中说,2009年,全球有180万人死于艾滋病。世界卫生组织的数据也显示,艾滋病已经超过肺结核和疟疾,成为世界上最致命的传染病。值得注意的是,2009年全球范围内新感染艾滋病的人数正在大幅度下降。
统计数字显示,全球每天新增7000多名艾滋病感染者。其中,只有5-10%系男性同性恋。在美国,因男性同性恋而感染艾滋病的比例高达将近50%(人数超过100万人)。因此上述研究成果对美国人来说更具积极意义。
不过,Truvada的效力和风险还要继续接受临床检验,尤其是长期使用对患者肾脏的影响或产生其他并发症的可能性。研究人员表示,目前还没有发现服用Truvada会让人体艾滋病毒产生抗药性现象。不过,很多服用Truvada的男子在试验开始的最初四周内会出现反胃症状,而且他们体重会有所减轻。 TRUVADA Is Taken Just Once a Day in Combination Therapy This section of Truvada.com provides information for people who are taking, or who will be taking, Truvada® (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) as part of their combination HIV therapy. Truvada (tru-VAH-dah) is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. Truvada combines two anti-HIV medications, Emtriva® (emtricitabine 200 mg) and Viread® (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg), into one pill that is taken once a day with or without food.
Truvada is an anti-HIV drug in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI or "nuke") family and is always given in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. To learn more about how this once-a-day HIV treatment is used, click here.
It is important for anyone taking Truvada to note that Truvada: •Does not cure HIV or AIDS •Has not been shown to lower your chance of passing HIV to others •Should only be taken in combination with other drugs for HIV
USE OF TRUVADA TRUVADA is a type of medicine called an HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus) nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor and combines EMTRIVA® (emtricitabine) and VIREAD® (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [DF]) in one pill. TRUVADA is always used with other anti-HIV-1 medicines to treat adults with HIV-1 infection.
Do not take TRUVADA if you are already taking ATRIPLA® (efavirenz 600 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir DF 300 mg), VIREAD, EMTRIVA, Combivir® (lamivudine/zidovudine), Epivir® or Epivir-HBV® (lamivudine), Epzicom® (abacavir sulfate/lamivudine), or Trizivir® (abacavir sulfate/lamivudine/zidovudine) because these medicines contain the same or similar active ingredients. Do not take TRUVADA with HEPSERA® (adefovir dipivoxil).
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Contact your healthcare provider right away if you experience any of the following side effects or conditions while taking TRUVADA: •Nausea, vomiting, unusual muscle pain, and/or weakness. These may be signs of a buildup of acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), which is a serious medical condition •Light colored stools, dark colored urine, and/or if your skin or the whites of your eyes turn yellow. These may be signs of serious liver problems (hepatotoxicity), with liver enlargement (hepatomegaly), and fat in the liver (steatosis) •If you have HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and stop taking TRUVADA, your liver disease may suddenly get worse. Your healthcare provider will monitor your condition for several months •If you have had kidney problems or take other medicines that can cause kidney problems, your healthcare provider should do regular blood tests to check your kidneys •Lab tests show changes in the bones of patients treated with VIREAD, a medicine in TRUVADA. Some HIV patients treated with VIREAD developed thinning of the bones (osteopenia) which could lead to fractures. If you have had bone problems in the past, talk to your healthcare provider before taking TRUVADA. Also, bone pain and softening of the bone (which may contribute to fractures) may occur as a consequence of kidney problems •Changes in body fat have been seen in some people taking TRUVADA and other anti-HIV-1 medicines. •In some patients with advanced HIV-1 infection (AIDS), signs and symptoms of inflammation from previous infections may occur soon after anti-HIV treatment is started. If you notice any symptoms of infection soon after you start HIV treatment, talk to your doctor right away.
Discuss all medicines you take with your healthcare provider and be aware: Your healthcare provider may need to follow you more closely or adjust your therapy if you are taking Videx® or Videx® EC (didanosine), Reyataz® (atazanavir sulfate), or Kaletra® (lopinavir/ritonavir) with TRUVADA.
The most common side effects of the medicines in TRUVADA when taken with other anti-HIV-1 medicines are diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, abnormal dreams, sleeping problems, rash, depression, and vomiting. Additional side effects are kidney problems (including decline or failure of kidney function), inflammation of the pancreas, inflammation of the liver, allergic reaction (including swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat), shortness of breath, pain, fatty liver, stomach pain, weakness, indigestion, and intestinal gas. High volume of urine and thirst, muscle pain and muscle weakness due to kidney problems have been reported. Skin discoloration (spots and freckles) may also happen with TRUVADA.
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