药品信息:
--------------------------------------------------------------- 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(20119600284913.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准 --------------------------------------------------------------- 部分中文乙醇处方资料(仅供参考)
中文名:乙醇
英文名:Alcohol dehydrated
英文其他名称:Dehydrated Alcohol ,Ethanol denatured,Ethanol,Spirit of wine ,Alcohol anhydrous ,Ethyl alcohol ,Grain alcohol ,Anhydrous alcohol ,Dehydrated alcohol ,Ethylhydrate
中文其他名称:无水酒精,绝对酒精
药理作用:本品是最常用的消毒防腐药,能作用于菌体使其蛋白质变性而杀死。40—60%(ml/ml)浓度对葡萄球菌最有效,但比 70%(ml/ml)浓度要缓慢,70%(ml/ml)浓度杀菌效果最强,在 2分钟内能将皮肤表面 90%细菌杀死。过高浓度可使菌体表层蛋白质凝固,从而阻碍乙醇向内渗透而影响杀菌作用。对芽孢菌无效。乙醇涂擦皮肤能扩张局部血管,增强血液循环,由于乙醇能挥发,有助热量散发。
不良反应:偶有皮肤刺激性。 乙醇可使蛋白质沉淀。将乙醇涂于皮肤,短时间内不会造成损伤。但如果时间太长,则会刺激皮肤。将乙醇涂于伤口或破损的皮面,不仅会加剧损伤而且会形成凝块,结果凝块下面的细菌繁殖起来,因此不能用于无感染的暴露伤口。 吸入或服用大量乙醇时会出现中毒现象,中年成人纯乙醇的致死量为300~400ml(饮入)。
产品规格:稀乙醇75%(ml/ml) 75%用于灭菌消毒,50%用于防褥疮,用25-50%擦浴高热病人以退烧.还可用于小面积烫伤的湿敷浸泡。
用法用量:根据需要稀释成不同浓度应用。对高热病人,用 20—30%(ml/ml)乙醇涂擦皮肤降温;预防褥疮用 40—50%(ml/ml)乙醇涂擦。皮肤消毒常用 75%(ml/ml)的溶液。 对皮肤炎症,本品有刺激性。勿使用在皮肤破损处以及糜烂和渗液部位。穿刺或手术前用酒精消毒可以减少局部菌群,清洁皮肤后并以消毒纱布轻轻摩擦局部能加速其抗菌作用。勿用本品作大面积涂擦,因本品引起周围血管扩张,导致热量散失,老年人可发生体温低下。本品易挥发,使用后瓶盖要塞紧。
DEHYDRATED (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) Alcohol Injection, USP For Therapeutic Neurolysis
DRUG DESCRIPTION Dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) Alcohol Injection, USP consists of not less than 98% by volume of ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) alcohol is hypobaric in relation to the cerebrospinal fluid. It is injected proximate to nerve tissues and into spinal subarachnoid spaces to produce degeneration of nerve function (neurolysis) for control of chronic pain.
The product contains no bacteriostat or antimicrobial agent (other than ethanol) and no added buffer.
INDICATIONS Dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) Alcohol Injection is indicated for therapeutic neurolysis of nerves or ganglia for the relief of intractable chronic pain in such conditions as inoperable cancer and trigeminal neuralgia (ticdouloureux), in patients for whom neurosurgical procedures are contraindicated. Relief of trigeminal neuralgia usually is only temporary. Other conditions for which injection of alcohol has been reported include glossopharyngeal neuralgia, angina pectoris and severe claudication due to peripheral vascular insufficiency.
Alcohol concentrations of 40 to 50% (prepared by appropriate dilution of dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) alcohol) have been used for epidural or individual motor nerve injections to control certain manifestations of cerebral palsy and spastic paraplegia. Similar concentrations also have been injected for celiac plexus block to relieve pain of inoperable upper abdominal cancer, and have been injected intra-and subcutaneously for relief of intractable pruritus ani.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The dosage of Dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) Alcohol Injection for therapeutic nerve or ganglion block varies from as little as 0.05 to 0.5 mL in trigeminal neuralgia to 0.5 to 1.0 mL per interspace for subarachnoid injections. Doses larger than 1.5 mL are seldom required. All injections should be made slowly and only after all steps have been taken to insure precise placement of the alcohol. A 1.0 mL tuberculin syringe is desirable to facilitate accurate measurement of the dose. Separate needles should be used for injection of successive interspaces or other sites. Since Dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) Alcohol Injection is hypobaric as compared to spinal fluid, proper positioning of the patient is essential to control localization of injections into the subarachnoid space.
When lesser concentrations of alcohol are used, larger volumes are usually injected. A dose of 2 mL of 45% alcohol has been used for injecting individual motor nerves, or from 1.5 to 4.0 mL for epidural injection in children with spastic cerebral palsy; 50 mL of 50% alcohol has been used for celiac plexus blockade.
The LD50 oral dose in rats is 13.7 g/kg.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.
HOW SUPPLIED Dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) Alcohol Injection, USP NDC 0517-8571-10 1 mL Ampule Packages of 10 NDC 0517-8575-10 5 mL Ampule Packages of 10
Store in a cool place away from any heat source.
SIDE EFFECTS The most commonly encountered side effects are post-injection neuritis with persistent pain, hyperesthesia and paresthesia. Subarachnoid neurolysis and lumbar sympathetic block may be followed by motor paralysis, bladder or rectal incontinence and impotence. Severe hypotension may follow celiac ganglion injection. Corneal anesthesia, meningitis or cranial nerve palsy may follow injection of the gasserian ganglion.
Drug Abuse And Dependence None known with this size and manner of presentation.
WARNINGS Alcohol is a flammable liquid and should be kept cool and away from any heat source. Alcohol injections should be made with care to avoid unwanted tissue necrosis. Proper positioning of the patient is essential to control localization of injections of dehydrated (dehydrated alcohol (dehydrated alcohol injection) injection) alcohol (which is hypobaric) into the subarachnoid space.
--------------------------------------------------------------- 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(20119600284913.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准 --------------------------------------------------------------- |