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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201012922301439.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文硫酸阿米卡星处方资料（仅供参考）

药品名称：Amikacin Sulfate

通用名：硫酸阿米卡星

剂型：注射剂

药理毒理：抗菌谱与庆大霉素相似，对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、吲哚阴性和阳性变形杆菌、克雷伯杆菌、不动杆菌、枸橼酸杆菌，以及沙雷杆菌和肠杆菌的部分菌株有良好的抗菌作用。对于结核杆菌、非典型性分支杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌(产酶和不产酶株)也有良好抗菌作用。其他革兰阳性球菌(包括粪链球菌)、厌氧菌、立克次体、真菌和病毒均对本品不敏感。本品的耐酶性能较强。

药代动力学：血药高峰：1h（肌注）。蛋白结合率：4%。排泄。尿98%。t1/2：1.5-2.5h。

适应症：主要用于对卡那霉素或庆大霉素耐药的革兰阴性杆菌所致的尿路、下呼吸道、腹腔、软组织、骨和关节、生殖系统等部位的感染，以及败血症等。

用法用量：肌注或静滴。成人，0.1-0.2g/次，2次/日；小儿/每日 4-8mg/kg体重，分1-2次注射。

不良反应：
①本品的耳毒性和肾毒性比卡那霉素稍低，对前庭及耳蜗毒性小，除大剂量长疗程外，本品对前庭功能无损害。
②腹腔或大剂量给药后，和卡那霉素一样可引起神经肌肉接头的阻滞作用。
③与头孢菌素、两性霉素B、多黏菌素或铂化合物合用增加肾毒性，与利尿药合用增加耳毒性，与青霉素类混合可引起本品失活。
④其他还见个别病人对本品过敏、胃肠道反应、肝功能异常、麻木和贫血等。

注意事项：
①本品的耳毒性、肾毒性与卡那霉素近似，对于肾功能减退、脱水、应用强利尿剂的患者以及老年患者均应谨慎使用。
②对于绿脓杆菌感染，常需与抗假单胞菌青霉素(如哌拉西林等)联合应用。但两者不可置于同一点滴器中，以免降效。
③本品干扰正常菌群，长期应用可导致非敏感菌过度生长。
孕妇及哺乳期的妇女用药 儿童用药 老年患者用药 对于老年患者应谨慎使用

药物相互作用：
①与羧苄西林合用对绿脓杆菌有协同抗菌作用。
②不宜与其他药物在同一容器中混合使用。

Amikacin Sulfate
Pronunciation: (am-ih-KAE-sin SULL-fate)
Class: Aminoglycoside, parenteral
Trade Names:
Amikin
- Injection 250 mg/mL
- Pediatric injection 50 mg/mL

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Pharmacology
Inhibits production of bacterial protein, causing bacterial cell death.

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Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
IM
Rapidly absorbed. C max is 12 to 21 mcg/mL (250 to 500 mg doses). T max is 1 h.

IV
Single doses (500 mg over 30 min) produced C max 38 mcg/mL.

Distribution
Vd is 24 L and protein binding is 0% to 11%. Crosses the placenta.

Elimination
IM
98.2% is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug within 24 h.

IV
94% is excreted in the urine within 24 h. T 1/2 is about 2 h. Serum Cl is 100 mL/min; renal Cl is 94 mL/min.

Special Populations
Renal Function Impairment
Rate of excretion is decreased and t 1/2 is prolonged. Dosage adjustment may be needed.

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Indications and Usage
Treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms, especially gram-negative bacteria.

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Contraindications
Generally not indicated for long-term therapy because of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

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Dosage and Administration
Adults, Children, and Infants
IV/IM 15 mg/kg (ideal body weight)/day in 2 or 3 divided doses. Treatment in heavier patients should not exceed 1.5 g/day.

Uncomplicated utis
IV/IM 250 mg twice daily.

Newborns
IV/IM Loading dose of 10 mg/kg is recommended followed by 7.5 mg/kg q 12 h. Lower doses may be needed in first 2 wk of life.

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Storage/Stability
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

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Drug Interactions
Drugs with nephrotoxic potential (eg, cephalosporins, enflurane, methoxyflurane, vancomycin)
May increase risk of nephrotoxicity.

Loop diuretics (eg, furosemide)
May increase risk of auditory toxicity.

Neuromuscular blocking agents (eg, tubocurarine)
Amikacin may enhance effects of these agents.

Incompatibility
Do not mix with betalactam antibiotics (eg, carbenicillin, ticarcillin).

Laboratory Test Interactions
None well documented.

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Adverse Reactions
EENT
Hearing loss; deafness; loss of balance.

Genitourinary
Oliguria; proteinuria; increased serum creatinine; urinary casts; red and white blood cells in urine; azotemia.

Miscellaneous
Decreased serum magnesium.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201012922301439.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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