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  药店国别: 英国药房
产地国家: 英国
所属类别: 抗微生物药物->抗结核药物
处方药:处方药
包装规格: 20毫克/毫升
计价单位:
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该药品相关信息网址1:
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/rifadin.html
该药品相关信息网址2:
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/rifadin.html
该药品相关信息网址3:
http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/21222/SPC/Rifadin+100mg+5ml+Oral+Suspension
原产地英文商品名:
RIFAMPIN ORAL SUSPENSION(COMPARE TO RIFADIN) 20mg/ml
原产地英文药品名:
RIFAMPIN
中文参考商品译名:
利福平口服混悬液(相似于RIFADIN) 20毫克/毫升
中文参考药品译名:
利福平
原产地国家批准上市年份:
0000/00/00
英文适应病症1:
TB
英文适应病症2:
Tuberculous meningitis
英文适应病症3:
Leprosy, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection
英文适应病症4:
Severe infection
英文适应病症5:
Neisseria meningitidis nasopharynx
临床试验期:
完成
中文适应病症参考翻译1:
结核病
中文适应病症参考翻译2:
结核性脑膜炎
中文适应病症参考翻译3:
麻风、非结核分枝杆菌感染
中文适应病症参考翻译4:
严重感染
中文适应病症参考翻译5:
鼻咽部脑膜炎奈瑟菌
药品信息:

---------------------------------------------------------------
 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(201131418375418.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
---------------------------------------------------------------
部分中文利福平处方资料(仅供参考)

英文药名: Rifadin (Rifampin)

中文药名: 利福平

药品名称
通用名: 利福平
英文名: RIFAMPICIN
药品类别: 抗结核病药
性状: 本品为胶囊剂,内含鲜红色或暗红色的结晶性粉末。

药理毒理
利福平为利福霉素类半合成广谱抗菌药,对多种病原微生物均有抗菌活性。该药对结核分枝杆菌和部分非结核分枝杆菌(包括麻风分枝杆菌等)在宿主细胞内外均有明显的杀菌作用。利福平对需氧革兰阳性菌具良好抗菌作用,包括葡萄球菌产酶株及甲氧西林耐药株、肺炎链球菌、其他链球菌属、肠球菌属、李斯特菌属、炭疽杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌、白喉杆菌、厌氧球菌等。对需氧革兰阴性菌如脑膜炎奈瑟球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、淋病奈瑟球菌亦具高度抗菌活性。利福平对军团菌属作用亦良好,对沙眼衣原体、性病淋巴肉芽肿及鹦鹉热等病原体均具抑制作用。细菌对利福霉素类抗生素有交叉耐药。利福平与依赖 DNA的RNA多聚酶的β亚单位牢固结合,抑制细菌RNA的合成,防止该酶与DNA连接,从而阻断RNA转录过程,使DNA 和蛋白的合成停止。

药代动力学
利福平口服吸收良好,服药后1.5~4小时血药浓度达峰值。成人一次口服600mg后血药峰浓度(Cmax)为7~9mg/L, 6个月至5岁小儿一次口服10mg/kg,血药峰浓度(Cmax)为 11mg/L。本品在大部分组织和体液中分布良好,包括脑脊液,当脑膜有炎症时脑脊液内药物浓度增加;在唾液中亦可达有效治疗浓度;本品可穿过胎盘。表观分布容积(Vd)为1.6L /kg。蛋白结合率为80%~91%。进食后服药可使药物的吸收减少30%,该药的血消除半衰期(t1/2?)为3~5小时,多次给药后有所缩短,为2~3小时。本品在肝脏中可被自身诱导微粒体氧化酶的作用而迅速去乙酰化,成为具有抗菌活性的代谢物去乙酰利福平,水解后形成无活性的代谢物由尿排出。本品主要经胆和肠道排泄,可进入肠肝循环,但其去乙酰活性代谢物则无肠肝循环。60%~65%的给药量经粪便排出,6%~15%的药物以原形、15%为活性代谢物经尿排出, 7%则以无活性的3-甲酰衍生物排出。亦可经乳汁排出。肾功能减退的患者中本品无积聚;由于自身诱导肝微粒体氧化酶的作用,在服用利福平的6~10天后其排泄率增加;用高剂量后由于胆道排泄达到饱和,本品的排泄可能延缓。利福平不能经血液透析或腹膜透析清除。

适应症
1.本品与其他抗结核药联合用于各种结核病的初治与复治,包括结核性脑膜炎的治疗。
2.本品与其他药物联合用于麻风、非结核分枝杆菌感染的治疗。
3.本品与万古霉素(静脉)可联合用于甲氧西林耐药葡萄球菌所致的严重感染。利福平与红霉素联合方案用于军团菌属严重感染。
4.用于无症状脑膜炎奈瑟菌带菌者,以消除鼻咽部脑膜炎奈瑟菌;但不适用于脑膜炎奈瑟菌感染的治疗。

用法用量
1.抗结核治疗成人:口服,一日0.45g~0.60g,空腹顿服,每日不超过1.2g; 1个月以上小儿每日按体重10~ 20mg/kg,空腹顿服,每日量不超过0.6g。
2.脑膜炎奈瑟菌带菌者:成人5mg/kg,每12小时1次,连续2日; 1个月以上小儿每日10mg/kg,每12小时1次,连服4次。
3.老年患者,口服,按每日10mg/kg,空腹顿服。谨遵医嘱!

不良反应
1.消化道反应
最为多见,口服本品后可出现厌食、恶心、呕吐、上腹部不适、腹泻等胃肠道反应,发生率为1.7%~ 4.0%,但均能耐受。
2.肝毒性为本品的主要不良反应,发生率约1%。在疗程最初数周内,少数患者可出现血清氨基转移酶升高、肝肿大和黄疸,大多为无症状的血清氨基转移酶一过性升高,在疗程中可自行恢复,老年人、酗酒者、营养不良、原有肝病或其他因素造成肝功能异常者较易发生。
3.变态反应
大剂量间歇疗法后偶可出现"流感样症候群",表现为畏寒、寒战、发热、不适、呼吸困难、头昏、嗜睡及肌肉疼痛等,发生频率与剂量大小及间歇时间有明显关系。偶可发生急性溶血或肾功能衰竭,目前认为其产生机制属过敏反应。
4.其他
患者服用本品后,大小便、唾液、痰液、泪液等可呈橘红色。偶见白细胞减少、凝血酶原时间缩短、头痛、眩晕、视力障碍等。

禁忌症
1.对本品或利福霉素类抗菌药过敏者禁用。
2.肝功能严重不全、胆道阻塞者和3个月以内孕妇禁用。

注意事项
1.酒精中毒、肝功能损害者慎用。婴儿、3个月以上孕妇和哺乳期妇女慎用。
2.对诊断的干扰:可引起直接抗球蛋白试验(Coombs试验)阳性;干扰血清叶酸浓度测定和血清维生素B12浓度测定结果;可使磺溴酞钠试验滞留出现假阳性;可干扰利用分光光度计或颜色改变而进行的各项尿液分析试验的结果;可使血液尿素氮、血清碱性磷酸酶、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、血清胆红素及血清尿酸浓度测定结果增高。
3.利福平可致肝功能不全,在原有肝病患者或本品与其他肝毒性药物同服时有伴发黄疸死亡病例的报道,因此原有肝病患者,仅在有明确指征情况下方可慎用,治疗开始前、治疗中严密观察肝功能变化,肝损害一旦出现,立即停药。
4.高胆红素血症系肝细胞性和胆汁潴留的混合型,轻症患者用药中自行消退,重者需停药观察。血胆红素升高也可能是利福平与胆红素竞争排泄的结果。治疗初期2~3个月应严密监测肝功能变化。
5.单用利福平治疗结核病或其他细菌性感染时病原菌可迅速产生耐药性,因此本品必须与其他药物合用。治疗可能需持续6个月~2年,甚至数年。
6.利福平可能引起白细胞和血小板减少,并导致齿龈出血和感染、伤口愈合延迟等。此时应避免拔牙等手术、并注意口腔卫生、刷牙及剔牙均需慎重,直至血象恢复正常。用药期间应定期检查周围血象。
7.利福平应于餐前l小时或餐后2小时服用,清晨空腹一次服用吸收最好,因进食影响本品吸收。
8.肝功能减退的患者常需减少剂量,每日剂量≤ 8mg/kg。
9.肾功能减退者不需减量。在肾小球滤过率减低或无尿患者中利福平的血药浓度无显著改变。
10.服药后尿、唾液、汗液等排泄物均可显桔红色。间质性肾炎的可能。

孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药
1.利福平可透过胎盘,动物实验曾引起畸胎。人类虽尚无致畸报道,但目前无足够资料表明可在妊娠期安全应用。
2.利福平可由乳汁排泄,哺乳期妇女用药应充分权衡利弊后决定是否用药。

儿童用药
本品在5岁以下小儿应用的安全性尚未确立。

老年患者用药
老年患者肝功能有所减退,用药量应酌减。

药物相互作用
1.饮酒可致利福平性肝毒性发生率增加,并增加利福平的代谢,需调整利福平剂量,并密切观察患者有无肝毒性出现。
2.对氨基水杨酸盐可影响本品的吸收,导致其血药浓度减低;如必须联合应用时,两者服用间隔至少6小时。 3.本品与异烟肼合用肝毒性发生危险增加,尤其是原有肝功能损害者和异烟肼快乙酰化患者。
4.利福平与乙硫异烟胺合用可加重其不良反应。
5.氯苯酚嗪可减少利福平的吸收,达峰时间延迟且半衰期延长。
6.利福平与咪康唑或酮康唑合用,可使后两者血药浓度减低,故本品不宜与咪唑类合用。
7.肾上腺皮质激素(糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素)、抗凝药、氨茶碱、茶碱、氯霉素、氯贝丁酯、环胞素、维拉帕米(异搏定)、妥卡尼、普罗帕酮、甲氧苄啶、香豆素或茚满二酮衍生物、口服降血糖药、促皮质素、氨苯砜、洋地黄苷类、丙吡胺、奎尼丁等与利福平合用时,由于后者诱导肝微粒体酶活性,可使上述药物的药效减弱,因此除地高辛和氨苯砜外,在用利福平前和疗程中上述药物需调整剂量。本品与香豆素或茚满二酮类合用时应每日或定期测定凝血酶原时间,据以调整剂量。
8.本品可促进雌激素的代谢或减少其肠肝循环,降低口服避孕药的作用,导致月经不规则,月经间期出血和计划外妊娠。所以,患者服用利福平时,应改用其他避孕方法。
9.本品可诱导肝微粒体酶,增加抗肿瘤药达卡巴嗪 (dacarbazine)、环磷酰胺的代谢,形成烷化代谢物,促使白细胞减低,因此需调整剂量。
10.本品与地西泮(安定)合用可增加后者的消除,使其血药浓度减低,故需调整剂量。
11.本品可增加苯妥因在肝脏中的代谢,故两者合用时应测定苯妥因血药浓度并调整用量。
12.本品可增加左旋甲状腺素在肝脏中的降解、因此两者合用时左旋甲状腺素剂量应增加。
13.本品亦可增加美沙酮、美西律在肝脏中的代谢,引起美沙酮撤药症状和美西律血药浓度减低,故合用时后两者需调整剂量。
14.丙磺舒可与本品竞争被肝细胞的摄人,使本品血药浓度增高并产生毒性反应。但该作用不稳定,故通常不宜加用丙磺舒以增高本品的血药浓度。

药物过量
1.逾量的表现:精神迟钝;眼周或面部水肿;全身瘙痒;红人综合征(皮肤粘膜及巩膜呈红色或橙色)。有原发肝病,酗酒者或同服其他肝毒性药物者可能引起死亡。
2.处理:
(1)停药。
(2)洗胃,因患者往往出现恶心、呕吐,不宜再催吐;洗胃后给予活性炭糊,以吸收胃肠道内残余的利福平;有严重恶心呕吐者给予止吐剂。
(3)静脉输液并给予利尿剂,促进药物的排泄。
(4)对症和支持疗法。

Rifadin
Pronunciation: rif-AM-pin
Generic Name: Rifampin
Brand Name: Rifadin

Rifadin is used for:
Treating all forms of tuberculosis (TB). Rifadin is also used to treat patients who do not have meningitis but carry the meningitis bacteria in their nose and throat and may spread the bacteria to others. Rifadin does not treat meningitis. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Rifadin is a rifamycin antibiotic. It works by killing or stopping the growth of sensitive bacteria.

Do NOT use Rifadin if:
you are allergic to any ingredient in this or to any rifamycin (eg, rifabutin)
you are taking atazanavir, cabazitaxel, darunavir, delavirdine, dronedarone, etravirine, fosamprenavir, lurasidone, nifedipine, praziquantel, ranolazine, saquinavir, tipranavir, tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor (eg, lapatinib), or voriconazole
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Rifadin:
Some medical conditions may interact with Rifadin. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
if you have adrenal gland problems, the blood disease porphyria, diabetes, liver problems (eg, cirrhosis, jaundice), or inflammation or obstruction of the bile ducts

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Rifadin. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
Atazanavir, cabazitaxel, darunavir, delavirdine, dronedarone, etravirine, fosamprenavir, lurasidone, nifedipine, praziquantel, ranolazine, saquinavir, tipranavir, tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (eg, lapatinib), or voriconazole because their effectiveness may be decreased by Rifadin
Many prescription medicines (eg, used for angina, anxiety, asthma, birth control, blood thinning, cancer, diabetes, heart problems, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high iron levels, high uric acid levels, HIV, hormone replacement, immune system suppression, infections, inflammation, irregular heartbeat, low sodium levels, low vitamin D levels, mental or mood problems, nausea and vomiting, pain, seizures, sleep, thyroid) may interact with Rifadin, increasing the risk of side effects or decreasing effectiveness

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Rifadin may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine

How to use Rifadin:
Use Rifadin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Rifadin by mouth on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating with a full glass of water (8 oz/240 mL).
If you are unable to swallow Rifadin whole, your pharmacist may be able to make a liquid form of Rifadin. Talk with your pharmacist if you have questions.
Do not take an antacid within 1 hour after you take Rifadin.
To clear up your infection completely, take Rifadin for the full course of treatment. Keep taking it even if you feel better in a few days.
Rifadin works best if it is taken at the same time every day.
Separate doses by 8 to 12 hours if taking an oral aminosalicylic acid.
Do not stop taking Rifadin without checking with your doctor. Do not miss any doses. Rarely, kidney problems have occurred when patients started taking Rifadin again after therapy was interrupted.
If you miss a dose of Rifadin, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once. If more than one dose is missed, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Rifadin.

Important safety information:
Rifadin may cause drowsiness or dizziness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Rifadin with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.
Rifadin may produce a reddish coloration of your urine, sweat, saliva, and tears. Rifadin may also permanently stain soft contact lenses.
Mild diarrhea is common with antibiotic use. However, a more serious form of diarrhea (pseudomembranous colitis) may rarely occur. This may develop while you use the antibiotic or within several months after you stop using it. Contact your doctor right away if stomach pain or cramps, severe diarrhea, or bloody stools occur. Do not treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor.
Rifadin only works against bacteria; it does not treat viral infections (eg, the common cold).
Hormonal birth control (eg, birth control pills, implants, patches) may not work as well while you are using Rifadin. To prevent pregnancy, use an extra form of birth control (eg, condoms).
Be sure to use Rifadin for the full course of treatment. If you do not, the medicine may not clear up your infection completely. The bacteria could also become less sensitive to this or other medicines. This could make the infection harder to treat in the future.
Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Rifadin before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.
Diabetes patients -Rifadin may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.
Rifadin may interfere with certain lab tests. Be sure your doctor and lab personnel know you are taking Rifadin.
Lab tests, including complete blood counts, platelet counts, and kidney and liver function, may be performed while you use Rifadin. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Rifadin while you are pregnant. Rifadin is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Rifadin.

Possible side effects of Rifadin:
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; gas; headache; heartburn; menstrual changes; mild upset stomach or cramps.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); bloody or dark urine; change in the amount of urine produced; confusion; dark, tarry, or bloody stools; fever, chills, or sore throat; joint pain or swelling; muscle pain or weakness; nausea; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; severe diarrhea, stomach pain, or cramps; shortness of breath; swelling of the arms, face, or legs; symptoms of liver problems (eg, dark urine, loss of appetite, pale stools, yellowing of the eyes or skin); unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness or weakness; vision changes; vomiting.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; headache; itching; loss of consciousness; nausea; severe or persistent dizziness; seizures; sluggishness; stomach pain; swelling of the eyes or face; vomiting; yellowing of the eyes and skin.

Proper storage of Rifadin:
Store Rifadin at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container, away from heat, moisture, and light. Avoid excessive heat (temperatures above 104 degrees F [40 degrees C]). Keep Rifadin out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:
If you have any questions about Rifadin, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Rifadin is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
If using Rifadin for an extended period of time, obtain refills before your supply runs out.
Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Rifadin. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(201131418375418.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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更新日期: 2017-09-05
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