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当前本网站药物产品种数共 8524 处方药 8148 非处方药 269 保健品/医疗用具 107

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  药店国别: 美国药房
产地国家: 美国
所属类别: 神经系统药物->麻醉药
处方药:处方药
包装规格: 2毫克/毫升 20毫升/瓶 10瓶/盒
计价单位:
  点击放大  
生产厂家中文参考译名:
HOSPIRA
生产厂家英文名:
HOSPIRA
该药品相关信息网址1:
www.drugs.com/pro/amidate.html
该药品相关信息网址2:
http://www.druglib.com/druginfo/amidate/
原产地英文商品名:
AMIDATE 2MG/ML 20ML/VIAL 10VIALS/BOX
原产地英文药品名:
ETOMIDATE
中文参考商品译名:
AMIDATE 2毫克/毫升 20毫升/瓶 10瓶/盒
中文参考药品译名:
依托咪酯
原产地国家批准上市年份:
1982/09/07
英文适应病症1:
Intravenous anesthesia induction drug
英文适应病症2:
Narcotic adjuvant drugs
临床试验期:
完成
中文适应病症参考翻译1:
静脉全麻诱导药
中文适应病症参考翻译2:
麻醉辅助药
药品信息:

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 部分中文依托咪酯处方资料(仅供参考)
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依托咪酯
药物类别:
神经系统用药

所属类别:全身麻醉药

药物名称:依托咪酯

英文名称:Etomidate

中文别名: 
1 甲苄咪酯 
2 甲苄咪唑 
3 乙咪酯

英文别名:Amidate
 
制剂/规格:
1 注射用乳剂:20mg
2 注射剂:20mg(10m1)
 
成份:Etomidate 
 
药理作用:本品为快速催眠性静脉全身麻醉药,该药仅能催眠,无镇痛作用,但能加强其他麻醉药的镇痛作用。用药后安静、舒适、无兴奋挣扎,且有遗忘现象。在临床剂量范围内(0.1~0.4mg/kg)7~14分钟自然苏醒,较硫喷妥钠快。依托咪酯可减少脑血流量,降低颅内压,并可制止脑缺氧引起的抽搐。
静脉注射依托咪酯后常有心率减慢,收缩压轻度升高,脉压变大,对心血管和呼吸系统影响较小,单次静脉注射量大可引起短期呼吸暂停,对肝、肾功能无明显影响,降低眼压显著,适宜眼科手术。
本品抑制肾上腺皮质激素合成酶,诱导麻醉可引起肾上腺皮质抑制4~8小时。 

药动学:本品静注后,迅速分布至脑和其他组织,通常在1分钟内起效。保持催眠最低血药浓度一般应在0.2/µg/ml以上,单次注药,血药浓度在30分钟内迅速降低。本品呈三室分布,血浆蛋白结合率较高,78%与白蛋白结合,白蛋白减少,则游离部分增多,3%与球蛋白结合。Vd高达 (24.2±4.2)L/kg。t1/2α(分布半衰期)2.81±1.4分钟,t1/2γ(再分布半衰期) 32.1±16.5分钟,作用时效30~75分钟,t1/2β(消除半衰期)28.7±14分钟,本品在肝脏和血浆中主要被酯酶迅速水解,初30分钟内水解最快,但6小时仍未完全,代谢物80%为混旋-1-(α-甲苄基)-咪唑-5-羧酸酯,有64.3%与 血浆蛋白结合,药理上无效。排泄的第一天为用量的75%经肾由尿排出,13%从胆汁排出。其中85%为代谢物,3%为原药。 

适应症:静脉全麻诱导药或麻醉辅助药。本品仅供静脉注射,剂量必须个体化。
 
用法用量:
(1)麻醉诱导:成人常用量按体重0.3mg / kg(范围0.2~0.6mg),年老体弱和危重病人可酌减,于30~60s内注完。术前给以镇静药,或在全麻诱导前1~2分钟静注芬太尼0.1mg,依托咪酯需要量可酌减。10岁以上小儿用量可参照成人。
(2)麻醉维持:麻醉诱导后可连续每小时静滴0.12~0.2mg/kg,同时静注芬太尼、氟哌利多、芬太尼合剂或吸入全麻药。
(3)门诊手术麻醉:如内镜检查、扁桃腺摘除、人工流产、电击除颤和拔牙等,病人苏醒早,无后遗作用。此外还适用于心功能不全的心血管手术。使用本品须备有复苏设备,并供氧。 

不良反应:
1.本品可抑制肾上腺皮质激素的生物合成,一次性剂量可使。肾上腺皮质对紧张刺激的反应明显减慢约4~6小时,持续使用可能出现暂时性肾上腺皮质功能低下。而呈现水盐失衡、低血压甚至休克。
2.恶心、呕吐主要是由同时或前期给予的阿片类药引起。
3.可能会出现咳嗽、呃逆和寒战、喉痉挛。
4.使用单剂量后可能出现肌阵挛,肌颤发生率约为6%,不自主的肌肉活动发生率可达32%(22.7%~63%)。这一反应可于给药前,使用阿片类或苯二氮卓类(如使用本品1小时前肌注安定或10分钟前静滴安定)来预防。
5.大剂量使用本品或与中枢神经抑制剂合用时,偶见短暂呼吸暂停。
6.注射部位疼痛可达20%(1.2%~42%),可引起血栓性静脉炎,但若在肘部较大静脉内注射或用乳剂则发生率较低。 

相互作用:
1.抗精神病药、鸦片类、镇静剂及酒精可增强本药的催眠效果。
2.与任何可能引起血压下降的药物合用时均应慎重,以免导致血压剧降,如中枢性抗高血压药、利尿性抗高血压药、钙通道阻滞药、静注硫酸镁、单胺氧化酶抑制药及氯胺酮等。
3.当与芬太尼合用时,可出现不能自制的肌肉强直或阵挛,安定可减少其发生。
4.长期大剂量静脉滴注依托咪酯可抑制肾上腺皮质对促肾上腺素的应激,导致血浆皮质激素低于正常,如遇中毒性休克、多发性创伤或肾上腺皮质功能低下的病人,可同时给予适量的氢化可的松。 

注意事项:
1.依托咪酯注射液不宜稀释后使用。
2.如果用药过量,尤其与吸入麻醉剂合用时,睡眠期可能延长,并可能出现短期呼吸暂停。事先应充分准备好全身麻醉所需的所有设备和药品。
3.癫痫患者慎用。血红素生物合成受损的患者应避免使用,除非用本品的指征十分明确。
4.患者须至少等到用药24小时后方可驾驶或操作机械。
5.麻醉前应用氟哌利多或芬太尼时,可减少肌阵挛的发生。
6.将本品作为氟烷的诱导麻醉剂,宜将氟烷的用量减少。
7.选用粗大静脉注射或在药液中加入利多卡因(0.1mg/kg)预防注射痛。避免注入动脉,因为注入动脉会有危险,静脉旁注射会引起疼痛。
8.在特殊情况下及别无选择时,可用于孕妇。
9.本品可分泌进入乳汁。如果哺乳期必须使用,则应中止哺乳,结束使用24小时后才可开始哺乳。
10.没有作相容性试验之前,不能将本品与其他注射液混合,不能与其他注射液经同一管路同时给药。
11.本品不含抗菌剂,开启后应在无菌条件下迅速抽取和注射,因为脂肪乳会助长微生物生长,未用完部分必须丢弃。用前应摇匀。 

疗效评价:本品为超短时效的非巴比妥类静脉麻醉药,无镇痛作用,静注后一次臂-脑循环即迅速入睡,其催眠效力比硫喷妥钠强12倍。用于全麻诱导,具有作用快、持续时间短、苏醒迅速而安全、呼吸抑制轻微而短暂、不释放组胺而不引起变态反应、对心血管功能影响小等优点。依托咪酯多次用药无明显蓄积,睡眠持续时间稍有延长。 

AMIDATE®
Etomidate Injection

Amidate (etomidate injection) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution. Each milliliter contains etomidate, 2 mg, propylene glycol 35% v/v. The pH is 6.0 (4.0 to 7.0). It is intended for the induction of general anesthesia by intravenous injection.

Etomidate is indicated by intravenous injection for the induction of general anesthesia. When considering use of etomidate, the usefulness of its hemodynamic properties (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY) should be weighed against the high frequency of transient skeletal muscle movements (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).

Intravenous etomidate is also indicated for the supplementation of subpotent anesthetic agents, such as nitrous oxide in oxygen, during maintenance of anesthesia for short operative procedures such as dilation and curettage or cervical conization.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Etomidate is indicated by intravenous injection for the induction of general anesthesia. When considering use of etomidate, the usefulness of its hemodynamic properties (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY) should be weighed against the high frequency of transient skeletal muscle movements (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).

Intravenous etomidate is also indicated for the supplementation of subpotent anesthetic agents, such as nitrous oxide in oxygen, during maintenance of anesthesia for short operative procedures such as dilation and curettage or cervical conization.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Etomidate injection is intended for administration only by the intravenous route (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). The dose for induction of anesthesia in adult patients and in pediatric patients above the age of ten (10) years will vary between 0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg of body weight, and it must be individualized in each case. The usual dose for induction in these patients is 0.3 mg/kg, injected over a period of 30 to 60 seconds. There are inadequate data to make dosage recommendations for induction of anesthesia in patients below the age of ten (10) years; therefore, such use is not recommended. Geriatric patients may require reduced doses of etomidate.

Smaller increments of intravenous etomidate may be administered to adult patients during short operative procedures to supplement subpotent anesthetic agents, such as nitrous oxide. The dosage employed under these circumstances, although usually smaller than the original induction dose, must be individualized. There are insufficient data to support this use of etomidate for longer adult procedures or for any procedures in pediatric patients; therefore, such use is not recommended. The use of intravenous fentanyl and other neuroactive drugs employed during the conduct of anesthesia may alter the etomidate dosage requirements. Consult the prescribing information for all other such drugs before using.

Premedication: Etomidate injection is compatible with commonly administered pre-anesthetic medications, which may be employed as indicated. See also CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, ADVERSE REACTIONS, and dosage recommendations for maintenance of anesthesia.

Etomidate hypnosis does not significantly alter the usual dosage requirements of neuromuscular blocking agents employed for endotracheal intubation or other purposes shortly after induction of anesthesia.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

To prevent needle-stick injuries, needles should not be recapped, purposely bent, or broken by hand.

HOW SUPPLIED
Amidate® (etomidate injection) is supplied in single-dose containers as follows:

 

Conc.

 

List No.

 

Container

 

Container Size

 

2 mg/mL

 

6695

 

Fliptop Vial

 

10 mL

 

2 mg/mL

 

6695

 

Fliptop Vial

 

20 mL

 

2 mg/mL

 

8061

 

Ampul

 

20 mL

 

2 mg/mL

 

8062

 

Ampul

 

10 mL

 

2 mg/mL

 

8060-19

 

Abboject Syringe with

 

20 mL

 

   

20-G, 1 inch needle

 

 

2 mg/mL

 

8060-29

 

Abboject Syringe with

 

20 mL

 

   

male luer lock adapter

 

 

Store at controlled room temperature 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).

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更新日期: 2012-7-16
附件:
 
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